Shubhra Hajela, BIRDIE

shubhra@birdie.consulting

The changing face of Public Sector Units (PSU)
For decades, India’s Public Sector Units (PSUs) have built the nation’s physical and industrial backbone — powering cities, connecting regions, and providing stable livelihoods to millions. Today, they employ over 31 lakh people and contribute nearly 9% of India’s GDP. These numbers represent more than economic might — they symbolise trust, continuity, and service.

But the world in which PSUs operate is changing faster than ever. Digital transformation, energy transition, public accountability, and generational shifts are reshaping what work feels like and what employees expect. Younger, more diverse professionals are entering systems designed for predictability and permanence, yet today’s world demands speed, agility, and emotional resilience.

Under these conditions, employees are looking beyond job security — they seek psychological safety, autonomy, and purpose. Historically, PSUs have excelled at structural welfare: pensions, housing, healthcare, and stability — all of which have built immense loyalty. They have also led in occupational safety through compliance-driven processes and strong governance.

However, as frameworks like ISO 45003:2021 and guidelines from the Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) and SCOPE emphasise, the next evolution is about integrating psychosocial well-being into the core of leadership and HR practice. This means not just preventing harm, but enabling people to thrive — mentally, emotionally, and socially.

When PSUs balance physical safety with psychosocial well-being, they shift from protecting employees to empowering them. That is where the real opportunity lies — in cultivating cultures where people feel energised, connected, and proud to serve.

Leading by example: PSU initiatives in employee well-being
Across India, several PSUs are already integrating well-being into the rhythm of work. Their initiatives offer valuable lessons for organisations looking to embed well-being as a cultural practice.

 PSU name Initiative Why does it stand out?
1.Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)Global Healthy Workplace Award 2021 for combining physical and mental well-beingAligns with international standards for holistic well-being
2Bank of BarodaEnhanced Employee Assistance Program (EAP) for employees + families: 24×7 helpline, confidential counselling, digital mood trackerTech-enabled, family inclusive, holistic approach
3SJVN Limited“Employee Wellness Resiliency Program” via a SaaS platform for stress/burnout assessment and lifestyle supportSystemic, digital, and recognised by Great Place to Work
4GAIL (India) LimitedMonthly “Spandan Wellness Hour” and “Wellness Week” with Ayurveda, sound healing, etc.Regular, recurring, embedded into work routines
5Vedanta LimitedConfidential 24×7 emotional support with AI-led tools, buddy program for new mothers, mindfulness & art therapyHolistic, tech-enabled, inclusive of family responsibilities
6NMDC LimitedDedicated mental health talks for women employees on resilienceTargeted approach for specific demographics
7Hindustan Zinc LimitedCampaigns “#ReachOut” and “#WeHearTheQuiet”, online counselling, sound therapy, digital detox hourFocus on culture/awareness, not just clinical interventions
8THDC India Limited10 km marathon promoting physical + mental connectionBuilds community, morale, and leadership visibility
9JN Port AuthorityInclusive International Day of Yoga wellness campaigns for employees + familiesIntegration of community, family, and mind-body well-being
10Cairn Oil & Gas Limited (Vedanta)Engaged 500+ youth in mental health awareness sessionsExtends well-being focus beyond employees to the wider ecosystem

Emerging patterns 

A close look at the above PSU initiatives reveals some emerging patterns in how these  organizations are approaching employee well-being.  

First, the most successful efforts treat physical, emotional, and social health as an  interconnected system rather than separate programs. Initiatives that combine wellness, mental  health support, and community engagement create a more holistic impact on employees’ daily  experience. 

Second, well-being is increasingly being embedded through structured, recurring practices  rather than one-off events. Monthly wellness hours, themed well-being weeks, and ongoing  workshops ensure that care becomes part of the work rhythm, creating familiarity and  consistency. These repeated touchpoints help normalize conversations around stress and  mental health, reducing stigma and making support accessible.

Third, organizations are turning to technology-enabled solutions to personalize care. AI-based  assessments, digital mood trackers, and tele-counselling platforms allow employees to access  help on demand and provide leaders with insights into workforce well-being. When  thoughtfully implemented, such tools can complement human support and strengthen the  culture of care. 

Another important pattern is extending well-being beyond employees to families and  communities. Recognizing that employees’ home environments influence their engagement at  work, some PSUs have incorporated family-inclusive programs and community outreach. This  broader lens demonstrates that well-being is systemic and relational, rather than limited to  workplace interventions. 

Finally, leadership involvement is key. When senior leaders actively participate in well-being  programs, share personal experiences, or visibly support initiatives, it sends a strong signal  about the organization’s values. Programs without leadership modelling often fail to create  lasting change, no matter how well-designed they are. 

While these examples are inspiring, programs alone cannot sustain a culture of well-being.  Engagement, accessibility, and measurable outcomes are critical for long-term impact. Without  consistent support from leaders and alignment with organizational practices, even high-quality  initiatives risk remaining symbolic. Perhaps then the approach is to move towards a culture  driven wellbeing practice. 

Why culture-driven well-being matters 

Embedding employee well-being into organizational culture is no longer a “nice-to-have” — it directly drives motivation, performance, and resilience. In our consulting experience,  organizations that adopt a systemic, culture-driven approach are better equipped to retain talent,  foster innovation, and maintain high engagement, especially in complex, high-stakes  environments. 

Insights from organizational psychology have consistently highlighted that sustainable well being requires deliberate design and continuous reinforcement. Programs must move beyond  episodic interventions to become everyday practices, aligning workflows, leadership behaviors,  and team norms to reinforce well-being consistently. 

Simple but impactful measures — role clarity, manageable workloads, autonomy, peer support,  and inclusive practices — can transform work from a source of stress into a source of purpose.  Leadership coaching can normalize conversations about mental health, celebrate effort, and  model balance. Measurement and feedback ensure these initiatives translate into lasting  cultural change, rather than temporary participation. 

The way forward 

The future of employee well-being lies in embedding it into the fabric of everyday work. It is  not a checklist of programs but a way of working, leading, and connecting. Organizations that 

integrate empathy, accountability, and evidence-based practices into routine workflows are  more likely to cultivate resilient teams and sustainable performance. 

The true measure of success is not the number of wellness campaigns or hours logged, but the  extent to which well-being is felt, seen, and practiced daily — supported by leaders, embedded  in work structures, and experienced as part of the organization’s DNA. 

Shift from compliance to culture 

Culture-driven well-being is a strategic enabler of performance, engagement, and retention.  Infact, Gallup’s 2023 research shows that employees who feel cared for are 3.2× more likely  to stay and 5× more likely to advocate for their organization — a crucial advantage for PSUs  constantly under public scrutiny. 

This shift is thus in organizational mindset, and not just as a program. Well-being here is  deliberately woven into daily work, creating systems that actively support mental, emotional,  and social health, foster meaningful connections, and align employees’ efforts with  organizational purpose. Standards such as ISO 45003:2021 reinforce the importance of  integrating psychological and social well-being alongside physical safety. Evidence shows that  culture-driven care drives higher engagement, lower attrition, stronger collaboration, and  greater innovation. For PSUs, this approach strengthens motivation, resilience, and pride in  service. 

Embedding well-being into work, leadership, and community 

For well-being to truly thrive in PSUs, it has to move beyond policy documents or appear in a  once-a-year workshop to employee wellbeing experience – as lived, felt, and seen in the way  work happens, leaders lead, and people connect. 

The apt question then is- how can PSUs with its unique characteristics, like the sheer headcount,  working style, complexities, establish such a culture that drives employee wellbeing experience.  The answer is in no way straightforward, but involves a gradual shift in mindsets and intricacies of everyday work life. We have worked with multiple organizations and found that the  following fundamental changes deliberately can mould employee expereinces: 

Redesigning work The first step is making work itself less stressful and more meaningful. Too often, processes  are complex, hierarchies rigid, and decisions slow — all silently draining energy. Giving teams  clarity, autonomy, and the freedom to make decisions can transform daily tasks from a source  of pressure to a source of purpose. Even simple measures like clearly defined roles, manageable  workloads, and built-in “focus hours” make a world of difference. Studies show that employees  with autonomy report higher engagement and lower stress — a simple win for both people and  productivity.

Leadership that walks the talk Employees notice what leaders do more than what they say. Leaders who model balance,  celebrate effort, and openly discuss challenges send a powerful message: well-being is part of  how we work, not an optional add-on. Check-ins during high-pressure phases, recognition for  consistent effort, or even sharing stories of personal work-life lessons can normalize healthy  conversations about stress and emotional strain. 

Building community and connection Humans are social creatures — even in large PSUs, connections matter. Peer mentoring, cross functional projects, storytelling sessions about the impact of work, and recognition programs  create bonds that go beyond the office desk. These practices also shine a light on often invisible  contributions: mentoring a new colleague, keeping a team cohesive, or quietly solving  problems behind the scenes. Feeling seen and valued fuels motivation and strengthens the sense  of belonging. 

Inclusivity and growth Well-being isn’t one-size-fits-all. Employees bring diverse thinking styles, cultural  backgrounds, and learning preferences. Designing programs that reflect this diversity — while  providing opportunities for skill-building, mentorship, and rotational projects — turns daily  work into a space for growth. When people see that their efforts contribute to both their own  development and the PSU’s mission, their work gains meaning, energy, and pride. 

From security to flourishing The real magic happens when PSUs shift from compliance-driven welfare to culture-driven  care. Safety, stability, and benefits are still essential — but now they coexist with energy,  creativity, and engagement. The workforce is no longer just protected; it’s enabled to thrive.  Teams become resilient, motivated, and proud to serve, and the organization itself becomes  more agile and effective. 

Forward-looking PSUs are already experimenting with these ideas. Some are integrating  wellness metrics into performance reviews, others are launching mentoring circles to break  down silos, and a few are even piloting flexible work rhythms to reduce burnout. What these  initiatives have in common is culture: well-being isn’t a program; it’s a way of working  together every day. 

Concluding thoughts 

In conclusion, the journey from compliance-driven welfare to culture-driven well-being is both  a challenge and an opportunity for PSUs. Embedding care into daily work, leadership behaviors,  and team interactions transforms workplaces from protective environments into thriving  ecosystems of engagement, creativity, and resilience. The organizations that embrace this shift  will not only sustain performance but also cultivate pride, trust, and purpose among their people.  

From an organizational psychology perspective, the key lies in systemic thinking, deliberate  design, and behavioral sustainability — ensuring that well-being is experienced, measured, and  reinforced every day. At Birdie Consulting, we see this evolution as a vital step for PSUs 

seeking to future-proof their workforce, where care becomes culture, and culture becomes a  strategic advantage.

References

Gallup. 2023. Leaders: Ignore Employee Well-being At Your Own Risk. Washington, DC:  Gallup. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/507974/leaders-ignore-employee wellbeing-own-risk.aspx.

Gallup. 2024. Despite Employer Prioritisation, Employee Well-being Falters. Washington,  DC: Gallup. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/652769/despite-employer prioritization-employee-wellbeing-falters.aspx.

Gallup. 2024. World’s Largest Ongoing Study of the Employee Experience. Washington, DC:  Gallup. Available at: https://www.gallup.com/workplace/649487/world-largest-ongoing study-employee-experience.aspx.

Harvard Medical School Professional, Corporate, and Continuing Education. 2023. Boosting  Satisfaction, Productivity, and Inspiration – A Strengths Strategy. Harvard MedEdPearls.  Available at: https://learn.hms.harvard.edu/insights/all-insights/boosting-satisfaction productivity-and-inspiration-strengths-strategy.

International Organization for Standardization. 2021. ISO 45003:2021 Occupational health  and safety management — Psychological health and safety at work — Guidelines. Geneva:  ISO.

Government of India, Department of Public Enterprises (DPE) & Standing Conference of  Public Enterprises (SCOPE). (Year). Guidelines on Psychosocial Risk Management in PSUs.  New Delhi: DPE/SCOPE.

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